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Free Roman Numeral Converter

Decode the past. Convert decimal numbers to Roman Numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) and vice versa with our bidirectional translator.

Last Updated: 15 Jan 2026

Decimal Number

Roman Numeral

What are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and uses combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent numbers. The system uses seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Roman numerals are still used today in various contexts including dates, clock faces, book chapters, movie sequels, and formal documents.

Converting between Roman numerals and standard Arabic numerals helps you understand historical dates, read clock faces, interpret book chapters, and use Roman numerals in modern contexts like tattoos, design, or educational purposes.

Why Use Our Free Roman Numeral Converter?

Bidirectional Conversion

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers. Translate in both directions instantly for any conversion need.

Date Conversion

Convert years to Roman numerals for dates, copyright notices, or formal documents. Perfect for converting birth years or historical dates.

Educational Tool

Learn Roman numeral system and practice conversions. Understand how Roman numerals work and use them for educational or creative purposes.

Common Use Cases for Roman Numeral Converter

Dates & Years

Birth Year Conversion
Convert birth years to Roman numerals for tattoos, jewelry, or personal items. Express important dates in Roman numeral format.
Copyright Dates
Convert copyright years to Roman numerals for formal documents, books, or publications. Use Roman numerals in copyright notices.
Historical Dates
Convert historical dates or years to Roman numerals. Understand and use Roman numerals for historical references or documents.

Creative & Educational

Tattoos & Design
Convert numbers to Roman numerals for tattoos, design work, or artistic projects. Use Roman numerals for aesthetic or symbolic purposes.
Book Chapters
Understand Roman numerals used in book chapters, outlines, or formal documents. Convert chapter numbers for reading or reference.
Learning & Education
Learn the Roman numeral system and practice conversions. Use for educational purposes, math practice, or historical studies.

Understanding the Roman Numeral System

Basic Roman Numeral Letters

Roman numerals use seven letters to represent values: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Numbers are formed by combining these letters, with smaller values placed before larger ones to subtract (e.g., IV = 4) or after to add (e.g., VI = 6).

Additive Principle

When smaller values follow larger ones, they're added. For example, VI = 5 + 1 = 6, XII = 10 + 1 + 1 = 12, and CXX = 100 + 10 + 10 = 120.

Subtractive Principle

When smaller values precede larger ones, they're subtracted. For example, IV = 5 - 1 = 4, IX = 10 - 1 = 9, and XL = 50 - 10 = 40. This makes numerals shorter and easier to read.

Maximum Value

Standard Roman numerals go up to 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). Above that, specialized notation (vinculum) is required, which is less common. Our converter handles standard notation up to 3,999.

Roman Numeral Quick Reference Chart

100

500

1000

Common Examples

2024→ MMXXIV

1999→ MCMXCIX

4→ IV

9→ IX

Subtractive Examples

IV = 4(5 - 1)

IX = 9(10 - 1)

XL = 40(50 - 10)

XC = 90(100 - 10)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the max number?

Standard Roman Numerals go up to 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). Above that, specialized notation (vinculum) is required, which is less common.

How do I write 2024?

2024 is written as MMXXIV (1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 4).

Why is 4 written as IV?

This is the subtractive principle. Instead of IIII, we place I before V (5) to subtract 1, creating 4. This makes the numeral shorter and easier to read.

Can I convert Roman numerals back to numbers?

Yes! Our converter works bidirectionally. Type Roman numerals (like MMXXIV) into the Roman numeral box, and it will convert back to the decimal number (2024) automatically.